A. Defination
of Writing
Writing is part of four skill in English. Writing needs not only the
knowledge on the linguistic organization of written discourse but also the
creativity of the writers to move from concepts, ideas to written texts
(Richards, 1990:100). Therefore the teachers should give the students some
practices to move their concepts, and ideas to written texts.
B.
Theoretical Basis
In the context of EFL,there are commonly three approaches to writing
(Badger and White, 2000).
-
Product Approaches
Product approaches are named so because the
focus is essentially on the ability to produce correct text or “products”
(Richards, 1990: 106). In these approaches, learning to write mainly involve linguistic knowledge and the vocabulary
choices, syntactic patterns. Controlled writing, guided writing and free
writing are some techniques used in the teaching of writing. And also the
teacher preparing topic for his students.
-
Process
Approaches
When product approaches concentrate on the
form and structure of writing, process approaches focus on how writer create
writing that has form and structure (Richard, 1990: 108). In the process
approaches, the teaching of writing involve a number of writing stages, namely prewriting, drafting, revising and editing.
-
Genre
Approaches
According to Agustien (2006) In the genre-based approaches, the teaching
of writing there are 4 stages.
1. BKoF (Building Knowledge of the Field) where
teachers and students build cultural context, share experiences, discuss
vocabulary, grammatical patterns and so on.
2. Modeling of Text (MoT) where students are
exposed to written text to develop reading skills.
3. Join Construction of Text (JCoT). At this
stage they try to develop written text with their peers and with the help from
the teachers.
4. Independent Construction of Text (ICoT). At
this stage they write texts independently in the stage.
C. Process Genre Approach
According to Badge and White (2000: 157-158) In
process genre approach, writing is viewed as involving knowledge about language (as in genre and product approaches),
knowledge of context in which writing happens and especially the purpose for
the writing (as in genre approaches), and skills in using language (as in
process approaches). The process genre approach model also describe
that writing development happens by drawing out the learner potential (as in
genre approaches) and by providing input to which the learner respond (as in
product and genre approaches).
D. Implementation of Process Genre Approach in
the Classroom
Principally, the stages in implementing
process genre approach are divided into three stages.
1. Modeling
of Text, where students
are exposed to a reading text by which students can be facilitated in
understanding the context and the purpose the writers address. The function it’s
make students understand the form and functions of language in a text.
2. Joint
Construction of Text, where
teacher would draft a text on the board with the sentence coming from the
students, and would give confidence to students that their opinions are
meaningful. Given such as a demonstration, the students learn how to make a
draft.
3. Independent
Construction of Text, the students
to write independently.
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