THE ORIGIN OF SAMBAS

The histories about sambas of kingdom can not free from kingdom in Brunei Darussalam. Between this both kingdom have families who very firm.

Long times ago, there is an king reigned that called Sri Paduka Sulatan Muhammad in Brunai Darussalam country. After he died, the reigned kingdom gived to his his generations, until to nine generation that is Sultan Abdul Djalil Akbar. He have son and his name is Sultan Raja Tengah. He was come to Tanjungpura’s kingdom (Sukadana), because his behavior appropriate with  around it situations. He respected even Tanjungpura’s king allow his daughter for married with him. His’s daughter name is Surya queen. From these married, they got Raden Sulaiman. That time in Sambas led by an queen generation of majapahit (Hinduisme) and her’s name is Sepudak queen with central his govenment in Teluk keramat district, Kota Lama about 36 km from Sambas city. She has two daughters. Who oldest marreid with her nephew that name is raden Prabu Kencana and will be her replacment. When Sepudak queen led, raja Tengah with his groups come to Sambas. And then many masses become his follower and embraced islam.

Not long time, Sepudak queen dead, Raden Prabu Kencana is her son in law who ascended the throne and led with called Ratu Anom Kesuma Yuda. On same event the youngest daughter from Sepudak queen and her name is Mas Ayu Bungsu married with Raden Sulaiman ( Raja Tengah’s oldest son). These married got son who his’s name is Raden Boma. In led by Ratu Anom Kesuma Yuda, the appointed administration servants of kingdom. His young brother ascended as first wazir, special duty manages king treasuries, sometimes represented the king. Raden Sulaiman commanded as second wazir that special manages domestic and.........and servanted by ministers and others cabinet. The masses more respect with Raden Sulaiman than  Pangeran Mangkurat, so that emerge jealous in  Pangeran Mangkurat’s heart.

One days, the assistant Raden Sulaiman’s name is Kyai Satia Bakti killed by follower’s Pangeran Mangkurat. After reported to the king, nothing positf  actions, the atmosphere become unrest. Raden Sulaiman decided for left kingdom, gone new areas and found a city’s name is Kota Bangun. Day by day, month by month his follower become add, because after asked higher Nagur, Bantilan and Segerunding suggested for discussion with Ratu Anom Kesuma Yuda. The result discussion both left Kota Lama. Raden Sulaiman go to kota Bandir and Ratu Anom Kesuma Yuda go to sungai Selakau. And then rather upper end and found cities with administration areas gave name is Balai Pinang city.

Ratu Anom Kesuma Yuda and Pangeran Mangkurat dead, Ratu Anom’s son who his name is Raden Bekut ascended the king called Panembahan Kota Balai. His wife is Mas Ayu Krontiko, Pangeran Mangkurat’s daughter. Raden Bekut’s son who his’s name is Raden Mas Dungun is penambahan ending Balai city. These kingdom ended because Raden Sulaiman’s messenger pick up them for come back to Sambas. About 3 years leter living in Bandir city, they were discussion again and from resulted it, they moved and found administration areas in Lubuk Madung, on three juncton have three rivers that is Sambas Kecil river, Subah river dan Teberau river. The peoples also called this cities “Muara Ulakan”. And then the palace of kingdom found and still glorious until now.

In these places Raden Sulaiman installed as first of the king in Samba’s kingdom who called Sultan Muhammad Syafeiuddin I. His brothers, Raden Badaruddin called  Bendahara Sri Maharaja Prince, and Raden Abdul Wahab called Tumenggung Jaya Kesuma Prince. Raden Bima (Raden Sulaiman’s son) gone Sukadana and married with Tanjungpura of king’s daughter, his name is Puteri Indra Kesuma (Sultan Zainuddin’s youngest sister) and to got son who gave name is Raden Meliau, the name got from names river in Sukadana. One years later they were permission in appear Sultan Zaiuddin for come back to Sambas, by Sultan Sulaiman gave command for go to met his families in Brunai Darussalam. After come from Brunai, Raden Bima installed as Sultan with called Sultan Muhammad Tadjuddin. The same event, Raden Abdu Wahab’s son and his name is Raden Akhmad who ascending as Bendahara Sri Maharaja prince. Sultan Muhammad Tadjuddin died, the administration countinuing by his son, Raden Meliau with called Sultan Umar Akamuddin I.

The blessing help his consort of king who name is Utin Kemala called Ratu Adil, his governing run well and fair. These causes in Sambas’s histories famous with called Marhum Adil, Utin Kemala is daughter by Dipa prince (an noble Landak’s kingdom) with Raden Ratna Dewi (Sulatan Muhammad Syafeiuddin I’s daughter).

Sultan Umar Akamuddin I dead, his sons Raden Bungsu ascended the throne that called Abubakar Kamaluddin. And then replacmented by Abubakar Tadjuddin I. And replacmented by Raden Pasu who more famous with name is Anom prince. After accended the throne called Sultan Muhammad Ali Syafeiuddin I. As his vice raised Sultan Usman Kamaluddin and Sultan Umar Akamuddin III. Anom price is figure who difficult for seeking his equal, eterminator robber. After led about 13 years (1828), Sultan Muhammad Ali Syafeiuddin I dead. His sons Raden Ishak (Ratu Nata Kusuma prince) who 6 years old. Therefore the administration viced to Sultan Usman Kamaluddin.

On july 11, 1831, Sultan Usman Kamaluddin dead, the throne’s kingdom gaved to Sultan Umar Akamuddin III. He dead on Desember 5, 1845. So Raden Ishak raised with called Sultan Abu Bakar Tadjudin II. On january 17, 1848 his oldest sons who name is Syafeiuddin raised as crown prince that called Adipati prince. Sultan Abubakar Tadjuddin II isolated in java by Belanda’s govenment on 1855 and come back to Sambas on 1876. So Raden Toko raised as vice, (Ratu Mangkunegara prince) called Sultan Umar Kamaluddin. On same years, Belanda’s govenment gave command to Adipati prince gone java for study. He come back to Sambas on 1861 and raised as Sultan Muda. On august 16 1866 he just raised as Sulatan called sultan Muhammad Syafeiuddin II. He has two wife. From the first wife (Ratu Anom Kusumaningrat) got an sons Raden Ahmad and raised as crown prince. From the second wife(Encik Nana) got an sons named is Muhammad Aryadiningrat. Befoere take hold of the king, crown prince Raden Ahmad dead preceded his father. As his replacment appointed his sons that is Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim. At the time Raden Ahmad dead, Sultan Muhammad Syafeiuddin II was hold the power about 56 years. He felt so old, so Raden Muhammad Aryadiningrat appointed as vise king called Sultan Muhammad Ali Syafeiuddin II.

After led about 4 years, he dead. Wheel of government gaved to Sultan Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim. And at these king’s government, japanes comes to Sambas. Sultan Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim is an victim savageries japanes. Since that time ended the might of sambas’s kingdom. Whereas the remaining things Sambas’kingdom such as king’s bed, mirror makeup, the places for eat betels, king’s clothes, umbrella ubur ubur, spear canggah, cannon lele, two ceramics from China and crystal mirror from Belanda.

After Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II (Sambas’s king to 13) retired from the throne sambas’s kingdom on 1922M, and then becomes sambas’s king is Raden Muhammad Arif / Raden Muhammad Ariadiningrat (Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II’s sons) called Sultan Muhammad Ali Shafiuddin II. At the installation times these Sultan Muhammad Ali Shafiuddin II, as Sambas’s king to14, Raden Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim was 20 years old. The selection Sambas’s king that 14 and 15, it done with appoint by side Hindia Belanda, it was not based tradition sambas’s sultanate although Belanda still appointed from generation of sambas’s sultanates from lineage side. Why could happen??? Because situation in that time was changed where the power Hindia Belanda was domination, not only in Sambas but also all of kindoms that there is in Nusantara that time whereas the kingdoms that there is in java. The Hindia Belanda have two choice in the selection Sambas’s king to 14 that is Raden Muhammad Arif Ariadiningrat (Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II’s son) and Raden Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim (Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II’s grand child) and then they more choice Raden Muhammad Arif Ariadiningrat with reasons his skill and smart than Raden Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim, whereas Raden Muhammad Arif Ariadinngrat is older and Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II’s son whereas Raden Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim is Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II’s grand child so the son is nearest. If according traditions Sambas’s kingdom, more has the right to be Sambas’s king to 14 is Raden Muhammad Tayeb because he is Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II’s son from consort of king (become of royal descent) and that time he also take hold of as king’s treasurer prince of Sambas’sultanates ( wazir sultanates and prince) where long histories Sambas’s sultanates before. Whereas the Sutan to go backed self who his replacment is always treasurer prince (sultanates’s wazir). Whereas the entered Raden Muhammad Ibrahim in candidate Sambas’s king to 14 because suggestion by Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II because requested the late Adipati Ahmad prince ( the crown prince dead) that is Utin Putri from Penambahan Mempawah because she felt dissapointed didn’t become consort of king sambas’s king (because Adipati Ahmad, her husbund dead) and then in middle grieved atmosphere the Adipati Ahmad dead. Utin Putri asked in other to her sons, Raden Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim raised as Sambas’s king. Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II has very old (about 80 years old added his majesty was grieving stmosphere, and then to agree about it. But he realiazed that the power to installed Sambas’s king that time didn’t in the hold Sambas’kings but the power Hindia Belanda so Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II wrote a letter suggestion to Hindia Belanda in other to Sambas’s kings to 14 is his grand child Raden Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim but The Hindia Belanda more choice his majesty’s sons is Raden Muhammad Arif Ariadiningrat like explanation above. On 1922 M, Raden Muhammad Arif Ariadiningrat raised as Sambas’king to 14 with called Sultan Muhammad Ali Shafiuddin II. After Sultan Muhammad Ali Shafiuddin II dead on 1962 M. After passed polemic and some judgment by Hindia Belanda whereas passed council of Sambas’sultanates and then on 1931 M, the Hindia Belanda decided that Raden Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim raised as Sambas’s king to 15 with called Sultan Muhammad Mulia Ibrahim Shafiuddin.

So from 15 Sambas’s kings, there are two king that is to14 and 15 didn’t raised according to tradition of Sambas’sultanates but raised by Hindia Belanda.

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