- Parallel Structure
One use of a conjunction is to connect words or phrases that have
same grammatical function in a sentence. This use of conjunction is called
“parallel structure.” The conjunctions used this pattern are and, but, or, nor. These word are
called “Coordinating Conjunction.”
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(a)
Andi and his friend are
coming to lunch.
(b)
Ana raised her hand and
snapped her fingers.
(c)
He is waving his arms and
(is) shouting at us.
(d)
These shoes are old but
comfortable.
(e)
He want to watch TV or (to)
listen to some music.
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In (a): noun +
and + noun
In (b): verb +
and + verb
In (c): verb +
and + verb ( the second auxiliary maybe omitted if it is the same as the
first auxiliary).
In (d) adjective
+ but + adjective
In (e):
infinitive + or + infinitive ( the second auxiliary omitted).
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(f)
Eka, Nisa, and Rika are
coming to dinner.
(g)
Bandi raised his hand,
snapped his fingers, and asked a question.
(h)
The colors in the fabric are
blue, red, green, and white.
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A parallel
structure may contain more than two parts. In a series, commas are used to
separate each unite. The final comma that precedes the conjunction is
optional; also correct: Eka, Nisa, and Rika are coming to dinner.
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(i)
INCORRECT: Eka, and Nisa are
coming to dinner.
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Note: No commas
are used if there are only two parts to a parallel structure.
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- Paired Conjunctions: Both…And; Not Only…But Also; Either…Or; Neither…Nor
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(a)
Both my father and my brother are here.
(b)
Not only my brother but also my parents are here.
(c)
Not only my father but also my brother is here.
(d)
Neither my mother nor my sister is here.
(e)
Neither my brother nor my parents are here.
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Two subject
connected by both…and take a
plural verb, as in (a).
When two
subjects are connected by not only…but
also, either…or, or neither… nor, the subject that is closer to verb
determines whether the verb is singular or plural.
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(f)
The research project will
take both time and money.
(g)
Yesterday it not only rained but (also) snowed.
(h)
I’ll take either chemistry or physics next quarter.
(i)
That book is neither interesting nor accurate.
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Notice the
parallel structure in the examples. The same grammatical form should follow
each part of the paired conjunctions.
In (f): both + noun + and + noun
In (g): not only + verb + but also + verb
In (h): either + noun + or + noun
In (i): neither + adjective + nor + adjective
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